This theory takes its name from a structuralist school in Germany (Berlin School) that in the '20s modify the development of psychology. The setting of this school, in fact, opposed to the dominant between the late 800 and early 900 called "associational" because he believed that the perception of an object was the result of the combination of different sensory elements. The birth of Gestalt psychology can be traced back exactly to 1912, when Max Wertheimer wrote an article that identified a process perceptual unit - a factor which he called "phi" - through which single stimuli could be integrated in the subject, with a form of continuity. This meant that what had previously been considered a passive process - perceiving - came to be thought of as something far more active as an asset subject to certain general principles of organization. Werthemeir argued that there is no direct correspondence between empirical reality and perceptual reality and therefore to understand the phenomenon of perception should not be starting from the description of the individual sensory elements, but because the overall perception of the situation "a non- is given by the sum of its elements but it is something more different. "The perception is therefore not dependent on the elements but by structuring these elements into an" organized body "in a" Gestalt "(usually translated as" form " "structure", "pattern"). The manner in which the forms are classified and have been described as "laws of form" and have been listed by Wertheimer in 1923.
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